Smart and sustainable customs: Technological innovation and its relationship with human development
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51660/ridhs22324Keywords:
smart customs, sustainability, technological innovation, human development, SDGsAbstract
Customs modernization has gained significant relevance in the global context, driven by the need to enhance operational efficiency and address sustainability challenges in international trade. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) have demonstrated strong potential to transform customs processes; however, gaps in their implementation persist, particularly in developing countries (WCO, 2023; Saberi et al., 2019). This study explores how these technologies contribute not only to the operational sustainability of customs but also to human development, under principles of equity, inclusion, and well-being (UN, 2015). Using a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, this research conducted a documentary review of academic literature, technical reports, and case studies from international organizations. The findings reveal that customs digitalization enhances efficiency, traceability, and environmental control. AI optimizes risk management, blockchain strengthens document transparency, and IoT enables real-time environmental monitoring. Moreover, these innovations foster the inclusion of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and reinforce institutional governance. The study concludes that smart and sustainable customs can act as catalysts for human development and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nonetheless, challenges such as the digital divide and the lack of harmonized regulatory frameworks limit their broader impact, underscoring the need to strengthen international cooperation and invest in technological infrastructure (WTO, 2021; WEF, 2023).
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